Fetal membranes
Anatomy · Topic 80
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Anatomy · Topic 80 · combined PDF page 147
Practice questions
- A patient has spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes before labor at 39 weeks’ gestation. Which term best describes this event?
- At 32 weeks’ gestation, a patient experiences rupture of the fetal membranes before contractions or labor begin. Which description is most accurate?
- A pregnant patient reports typical watery vaginal leakage, and speculum examination shows amniotic-fluid pooling. According to the CNGOF guideline summary, what is the appropriate diagnostic conclusion?
- A patient has possible membrane rupture, but speculum examination shows no pooling and the diagnosis remains uncertain. Which next step is supported by the CNGOF guideline summary?
- A vaginal-fluid PAMG-1 assay is positive, but the clinical picture is equivocal and pooling is absent. What interpretation is most consistent with the CNGOF guideline summary?
- What does the CNGOF guideline summary state about the demonstrated effect of vaginal-fluid IGFBP-1 or PAMG-1 testing on maternal or neonatal morbidity?
- Which statement about conventional nitrazine and fern tests for rupture of fetal membranes is supported by the supplied review?
- Which test is described as the gold standard for diagnosing rupture of fetal membranes in the supplied review, with the qualification that it is invasive?
- When vaginal-fluid bedside tests are used to confirm rupture of membranes, which comparison does the supplied review report?
- In the systematic review of first-trimester blood biomarkers associated with PPROM, which category contained most of the biomarkers examined?
- A researcher is interpreting first-trimester CRP and white-cell-count studies as predictors of PPROM. Which conclusion best reflects the systematic review?
- Which first-trimester biomarker finding was reported in the systematic review as associated with PPROM and spontaneous preterm birth?
- Why does the first-trimester biomarker systematic review urge further investigation rather than establish a definitive biomarker panel for PPROM?
- According to the supplied 2025 review, which broad approach is described for PPROM occurring before 34 weeks?
- At 35 weeks, a clinically stable patient has PPROM without a stated contraindication to continued pregnancy. Which approach is described by the supplied review?
- During expectant management of PPROM, which intervention does the supplied review list for prevention of intra-amniotic infection?
- Which intervention is listed in the supplied review to accelerate fetal lung maturity during expectant management of PPROM?
- In the management summary supplied for PPROM, in which gestational-age group is tocolysis specifically listed as part of expectant management?
- According to the supplied review, magnesium sulfate is considered for neuroprotection when PPROM occurs before which gestational threshold?
- A patient has premature cervical dilatation with exposed but unruptured fetal membranes. In the systematic review, how did emergency cervical cerclage compare with expectant management for pregnancy loss?
- In the systematic review, what was the reported relative risk of pregnancy loss with emergency cerclage versus expectant management in the twin-only analysis of premature cervical dilatation and exposed unruptured membranes?
- When emergency cerclage is undertaken for premature cervical dilatation with exposed unruptured membranes, what did the systematic review conclude about adding amnioreduction?
- What probability of intra-operative rupture of membranes at emergency cerclage insertion was estimated in the systematic review?
- A review describes a disrupted redox-inflammatory balance in fetal membranes. Which paired cellular changes are specifically associated with adverse stimuli in that review?
- Which set contains adverse stimuli specifically identified in the review of oxidative stress and inflammation in fetal membranes?
- Which tissue-level consequence is associated in the review with sustained redox-inflammatory imbalance in fetal membranes?
- Which description best explains why amnion and chorion are used as biological materials in wound and tissue repair?
- Which statement best reflects the evidence on galectins in healing of human fetal membranes?
- In the maternal-fetal-interface review, which tissue is identified as the source of prolactin that is transported through the amnion-chorion?
- Which route and destination are described for decidual prolactin at the maternal-fetal interface?
- Which conclusion about prolactin's immunological role at the maternal-fetal interface is most faithful to the supplied review?