Larynx
Anatomy · Topic 38
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Anatomy · Topic 38 · combined PDF page 130
Practice questions
- Which laryngeal cartilage forms a complete ring around the airway?
- A surgeon identifies the posterior boundary of the laryngeal inlet during endoscopy. Which structure forms this boundary?
- A laryngoscopic lesion lies in the space between the vestibular fold and the true vocal fold. Which part of the laryngeal cavity is involved?
- Which structures form the boundaries of the rima glottidis?
- During dissection, which two cartilages are found articulating at the cricoarytenoid joint?
- Tilting of the thyroid cartilage forward relative to the cricoid cartilage primarily occurs at which joint?
- A lesion selectively paralyzes the only intrinsic muscle that abducts the vocal folds. Which muscle is affected?
- Which muscle primarily adducts the vocal folds by rotating the arytenoid vocal processes medially?
- Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle brings the arytenoid cartilages together across the midline?
- A singer cannot tense the vocal folds effectively to raise pitch, although vocal-fold adduction is preserved. Which muscle is most likely weak?
- Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle generally shortens and relaxes the vocal fold?
- During thyroid surgery, the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is injured. Which muscle is directly denervated?
- Which statement correctly describes motor innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
- A patient has loss of laryngeal mucosal sensation above the vocal folds after injury to a nerve branch. Which branch is most likely injured?
- A patient has reduced sensation in the laryngeal mucosa below the vocal folds. Which nerve normally carries this sensory supply?
- During dissection, a nerve is traced from the right vagus around the right subclavian artery before ascending toward the larynx. Which nerve is being followed?
- Which structure does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under before ascending in the neck?
- A patient develops hoarseness after a unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Which anatomical deficit best explains the voice change?
- A patient develops severe inspiratory difficulty after bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Which loss of muscle action most directly threatens the airway?
- A patient has a weak, breathy voice and difficulty producing high-pitched sounds after a nerve injury. Vocal-fold abduction is preserved. Which lesion best fits this pattern?
- The superior laryngeal artery typically reaches the larynx by passing through which structure with the internal laryngeal nerve?
- The inferior laryngeal artery most commonly arises from which parent vessel?
- A carcinoma is confined to the true vocal fold. Which feature of the glottic region generally distinguishes its lymphatic drainage from that of the supraglottis?
- A laryngeal lesion is located below the true vocal folds but above the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. Which cavity subdivision contains it?
- The vocal ligament attaches posteriorly to which part of the arytenoid cartilage?
- A surgeon elevates the mucosal fold containing the vestibular ligament. Which fold is being dissected?
- In a child with acute laryngeal inflammation, edema in which region is especially likely to narrow the airway because of the relatively loose submucosal tissue?
- A midline incision through the cricothyroid membrane enters the airway between which cartilages?
- Which intrinsic muscle lies within the vocal fold and represents the medial part of the thyroarytenoid complex?
- A laryngeal nerve branch and artery pass through the thyrohyoid membrane. Which sensory nerve branch normally accompanies the superior laryngeal artery there?
- Which paired cartilages rest on the superior border of the cricoid lamina and provide attachment for several intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
- A lesion damages the sensory nerve supply above the vocal folds. Which protective response is most directly put at risk?
- Which statement best describes the relationship of the epiglottis to the laryngeal inlet?
- A lesion involves the vocal process of an arytenoid cartilage. Which structure attaches directly to this process?