Epidemiology
Community Medicine · Topic 7
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · Community Medicine · Topic 7 · combined PDF page 274
Practice questions
- A meta-analysis reports a pooled diabetes prevalence of 15.6% among patients with lean or non-obese NAFLD. What is the most appropriate interpretation?
- In the same review, pooled prediabetes prevalence among patients with lean or non-obese NAFLD was 22.9%. Which statement is justified?
- The pooled diabetes prevalence in lean or non-obese NAFLD was 15.6%, with a 95% confidence interval of 10.8%–22.7%. What does this interval most directly convey?
- Among geographic subgroups in a meta-analysis of diabetes in lean or non-obese NAFLD, which region had the highest reported pooled prevalence?
- In a meta-regression of diabetes prevalence among patients with lean or non-obese NAFLD, geographic region and mean age were associated with prevalence and jointly accounted for 51.61% of heterogeneity. Which inference is most defensible?
- A review of diabetes and prediabetes in lean or non-obese NAFLD included 54 studies and 146,714 patients. What is the strongest conclusion supported by these numbers alone?
- A systematic review of pediatric mpox reported PCR positivity rates ranging from 6.95% in non-endemic regions to 35.6% in endemic areas. Which conclusion best fits this finding?
- Which factor was identified as a key risk factor for pediatric mpox in the supplied systematic review?
- The pediatric mpox review notes that younger children are more susceptible to severe complications. How should this finding be used epidemiologically?
- A review of mad honey poisoning in Nepal found that cases clustered sharply in spring, when Rhododendron bloom and honey harvest coincide. Which descriptive epidemiologic dimension is most directly illustrated?
- In the Nepal mad honey review, most cases originated in which province?
- Which sequence best represents the ecological exposure pathway described for grayanotoxin poisoning associated with Nepalese mad honey?
- A public health team is interpreting the Nepal mad honey review, which synthesized approximately 68 cases from 27 publications and notes that grayanotoxin assays are unavailable in Nepali hospitals. What is the most important limitation to consider?
- A global meta-analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes detected no association between P1 genotype and disease severity, while noting limited statistical power. Which interpretation is best?
- The Mycoplasma pneumoniae meta-analysis found the highest macrolide resistance rates in P1-1, 4572, and ST3 genotypes. What does this finding support most directly?
- Which set of approaches was used to characterize Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes in the global molecular epidemiology review?
- The review found that dominant Mycoplasma pneumoniae genotypes cycled over time between P1-1 and P1-2, and between 4572 and 3662. What is the most appropriate surveillance implication?
- In the review of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, P1-1 and MLVA type 4572 were more frequent in the Western Pacific region than in other regions, and also more frequent in children than adults. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- The review of Getah virus describes outbreaks in horses, pigs, and blue foxes, with active transmission reported between China and Japan. Which response is most consistent with these epidemiologic findings?
- The Getah virus review reports high mortality in piglets, high morbidity without mortality in adult pigs, and a case fatality rate of 24% in blue foxes. What is the key epidemiologic lesson?
- A review describes alpha-gal syndrome as an emerging condition with geographic variation driven by tick distribution, environmental factors, and differences in surveillance and clinical recognition. Which explanation best accounts for variation in reported frequency?
- Which statement about alpha-gal syndrome best reflects the review's epidemiologic description?
- A researcher comparing national dietary laws and health outcomes across countries finds that policy terms are defined differently in each dataset. Which challenge highlighted in global legal epidemiology is most directly relevant?
- A team evaluates the global impact of a policy but cannot identify a conventional control group or construct a standard counterfactual. According to the global legal epidemiology review, which methodological direction may still be considered?
- The global legal epidemiology review highlights multidisciplinary collaboration and improved data infrastructure. Why are these priorities relevant to cross-national policy research?
- A systematic review team uses independent reviewers, prespecified eligibility criteria, and a structured search to synthesize pediatric mpox studies. Which feature most directly improves transparency in selecting evidence?
- A review of pediatric mpox reports considerable variation in PCR positivity across included settings and identifies coinfections and socioeconomic factors among key risk factors. Which synthesis is most appropriate?
- A team studying mad honey poisoning observes that middle-aged men account for roughly 72% of cases in the published review. What is the most defensible interpretation?
- A public health report cites the pooled 15.6% diabetes prevalence in lean or non-obese NAFLD and proposes using it as the expected prevalence in a new clinic with a markedly different age and geographic profile. Which response is most appropriate?