Nutrition
Community Medicine · Topic 5
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · Community Medicine · Topic 5 · combined PDF page 271
Practice questions
- A systematic review of nutrition education interventions in adults receiving dialysis included 44 studies and 4,106 participants. Which pair of outcomes was reported to improve significantly?
- In a meta-analysis of nutrition education for adults on dialysis, which biochemical changes were reported as statistically significant?
- A clinician argues that nutrition education reliably raises serum albumin in adults receiving dialysis. Which interpretation best matches the available meta-analysis?
- A review reports a significant pooled reduction in serum phosphate after dialysis nutrition education, but rates most outcomes as low or very low certainty. Which conclusion is most appropriate?
- Which combination best describes the evidence base for the systematic review of nutrition education in adult dialysis populations?
- Which set lists the five main themed areas covered by the ISRNM–ISPD practice recommendation on nutrition management in peritoneal dialysis?
- The practice recommendation for nutrition management in peritoneal dialysis specifically identifies which nutrition-related problem as a target for prevention and management?
- A peritoneal dialysis service wants to improve patients’ ability to make and manage dietary choices. Which approach is specifically promoted by the international practice recommendation?
- Which method did the ISRNM–ISPD group use to evaluate the quality of evidence for its peritoneal dialysis practice recommendations?
- A child with chronic liver disease is being assessed for nutrition risk. Which pair of assessment approaches was specifically highlighted in the recent Australasian consensus review?
- A child with chronic liver disease is receiving a diet containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). What caution is specifically noted in the recent consensus review?
- Which statement best summarizes the nutrition risks associated with chronic liver disease in children, as described in the recent consensus review?
- A nutrition team is updating its pathway for children with chronic liver disease. Which approach is consistent with the recent Australasian consensus statements?
- Which statement best reflects the ISSN position on exercise-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)?
- An athlete asks how to obtain dietary antioxidants while prioritizing an evidence-informed, food-first approach. Which recommendation is most consistent with the ISSN position stand?
- A well-nourished athlete with no identified insufficiency asks whether high-dose antioxidant supplements should be taken routinely to improve training adaptation. Which response is best supported by the ISSN position stand?
- According to the ISSN position stand, which is the primary strategy for enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses?
- The ISSN position stand notes that FDA labeling for an antioxidant claim applies to nutrients with established RDIs and demonstrated antioxidant activity. Which option contains only nutrients listed as typical examples?
- An athlete is preparing for prolonged or repeated high-intensity work. In the Pi-afferent-effort review, which nutrition strategy is considered most relevant to that exercise context?
- In the Pi-afferent-effort framework, which proposed role is attributed to creatine during high-intensity exercise?
- According to the Pi-afferent-effort review, which distinction should be made when interpreting perceived exercise sensations?
- A cancer cohort study calculates an inflammation-immunity-nutrition score (IINS). Which components are used to construct this score in the supplied meta-analysis?
- A meta-analysis of IINS in cancer reports that elevated scores were associated with poorer overall survival and shorter progression-free survival. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- Before applying the IINS meta-analysis findings to a diverse international cancer population, which limitation should most concern the clinician?