Fungal Infections
Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy · Topic 7
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · Dermatology, Venereology & Leprosy · Topic 7 · combined PDF page 357
Practice questions
- A patient has a clinically atypical suspected superficial fungal infection. Which principle best reflects the 2026 ANOFEL/LABAC recommendations?
- A laboratory introduces NAAT and MALDI-TOF for superficial fungal infections. Which interpretation is consistent with the recommendations?
- A child receiving treatment for a hematological malignancy develops an invasive fungal infection. Which approximate frequency is reported for IFI among children treated for hematological malignancy or after bone marrow allograft in the cited French review?
- In the pediatric hematology population described in the review, which pairing best represents the two major groups of IFI and their leading organisms?
- The review reports that emerging fungi account for a subset of IFIs in children with hematological malignancy or bone marrow allograft. Which statement correctly describes that subset?
- Why should pediatric IFI recommendations not simply be assumed to be identical to adult recommendations?
- A team designing an IFI prevention plan for children in hematology care reviews the pediatric recommendations. Which prevention component is specifically emphasized as being of primary importance?
- A pediatric hematology team is structuring its diagnostic work-up for suspected IFI. Which classification framework does the cited review say it recalls for defining proven or probable IFI?
- A patient with AML is receiving remission-induction chemotherapy. According to the 2017 AGIHO/DGHO recommendations, which agent and formulation are recommended for primary IFI prophylaxis in this setting?
- A patient who qualifies for posaconazole prophylaxis during AML induction cannot take oral medication. Which alternative is identified in the guideline?
- A patient begins voriconazole prophylaxis for neutropenia. When does the AGIHO/DGHO update recommend performing initial therapeutic drug monitoring?
- A patient on voriconazole prophylaxis has a dose change in an interacting medication. What monitoring approach is consistent with the guideline?
- A patient taking posaconazole prophylaxis has no clinical evidence of breakthrough infection and no concern about absorption or adherence. Which approach to routine TDM matches the guideline?
- A patient receiving posaconazole prophylaxis develops a possible breakthrough IFI. What is a potential use of posaconazole TDM in this situation, according to the guideline?
- A clinician proposes routine intravenous liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis for patients with ALL during induction chemotherapy. What does the cited recommendation update conclude?
- Which patient group is specifically identified as having particularly high risk of IFI in the hematology prophylaxis recommendations?
- An ATS guideline review addresses testing for suspected invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Which antigen test and specimen types are specifically listed among its topics?
- A clinician is reviewing laboratory approaches for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Which molecular method's role was specifically evaluated by the ATS guideline?
- For which invasive fungal syndrome did the ATS guideline specifically review the role of beta-D-glucan assays?
- In addition to pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive candidiasis, which diagnostic approaches for endemic mycoses were addressed in the ATS guideline?
- A meta-analysis of studies in patients receiving BTK inhibitors found which fungal infection to be the most frequently reported IFI?
- A patient receiving a BTK inhibitor also requires corticosteroids. Which statement best reflects the reported association between concurrent corticosteroid use and proven or probable IFI?
- A BTK inhibitor recipient has received four prior lines of therapy. Which finding from the meta-analysis is most relevant to this history?
- Across the BTK inhibitor studies that used EORTC/MSGERC consensus definitions, what pooled prevalence of proven or probable IFI was reported?
- A clinician asks whether current evidence supports antifungal prophylaxis for all patients receiving BTK inhibitors. Which conclusion best reflects the systematic review?
- A study reports TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 variants among patients with invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis. Which interpretation best reflects the systematic review?
- A researcher wants to claim that TLR polymorphisms cause invasive fungal infection based on the available systematic review. What is the most appropriate critique?
- A clinician considers combining photodynamic therapy with an antifungal drug for a fungal infection. Which conclusion is best supported by the systematic review?