Acute Myocardial Infarction / IHD
General Medicine · Topic 2
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · General Medicine · Topic 2 · combined PDF page 284
Practice questions
- In the South Indian first-STEMI study, which risk-factor pattern was more characteristic of patients aged 45 years or younger than of older patients?
- Which group definition was used for the age comparison in the South Indian STEMI study?
- A 39-year-old man presents with STEMI. Which interpretation best follows from the South Indian study's findings?
- Which statement about the South Indian STEMI study's design is most accurate?
- In the reported multivariable analysis, an anxiety-score AOR of 0.90 for being in the older group is best interpreted as:
- Which combination best describes the older group in the South Indian first-STEMI study?
- What does the Kaunas registry report for age-standardized AMI morbidity among people aged 25–64 years from 2000 to 2023?
- Which outcome showed a significant decline in the 25–64-year-old Lithuanian population in the Kaunas report?
- Why is age standardization useful when comparing AMI morbidity rates across time or populations?
- A report finds that AMI morbidity declined, but IHD mortality did not significantly change in a subgroup. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- Which method did the Kaunas registry use to estimate changes in AMI and IHD trends over time?
- In the Tanzanian STEMI-network survey, what proportion of public-facility clinician respondents reported thrombolytic medication availability?
- What did the Tanzanian survey report about primary angioplasty services?
- A facility cannot provide timely primary PCI, but fibrinolytic medication and the appropriate accompanying agents are available. Which statement is supported by the supplied STEMI-network report?
- In the Tanzanian survey, which proportion of public-facility clinician respondents reported being able to refer patients for advanced care within the survey's recommended 90-minute interval?
- Which is the most important limitation when using the Tanzanian survey to compare clinical outcomes of PCI and fibrinolysis?
- Which statement best reflects the relationship between reperfusion and myocardial injury described in the supplied review?
- Which interacting mechanistic axis is highlighted in the 2026 review of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury?
- A student claims that ATP and adenosine are discussed only as energy substrates in the supplied review. Which correction is most accurate?
- In the hydroxytyrosol experiment, what was the most appropriate interpretation of the reported 57% reduction in infarct size?
- In the hydroxytyrosol mouse-heart study, when was the single 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose administered relative to the ischemia/reperfusion protocol?
- Which set of changes was reported alongside reduced infarct size after hydroxytyrosol treatment in the mouse-heart experiment?
- A 33-year-old woman has recurrent AMI, and an uncommon underlying condition is suspected. Which diagnosis was ultimately identified by karyotype testing in the supplied case report?
- What does the Turner syndrome case report establish most appropriately?
- In the reported patient with Turner syndrome and recurrent AMI, what was added to conventional IHD treatment?
- In a patient with Leriche syndrome undergoing CABG, why may use of an internal thoracic artery require special consideration?
- What revascularization approach was used in the reported AMI case with Leriche syndrome and porcelain aorta?
- Which conclusion about the total venous CABG strategy in Leriche syndrome is best supported by the supplied evidence?
- In a South Indian tertiary-centre comparison of patients with first-episode STEMI, which profile was relatively more common among patients aged 45 years or younger than among older patients?
- A 42-year-old man presents with STEMI. Which statement best reflects the age-group comparison reported in the supplied South Indian study?
- Which feature most limits the ability to generalize the South Indian comparison of younger and older STEMI patients to all patients in the community?
- In the supplied South Indian study, increasing average sleep duration was associated with a 0.57-unit increase in the log-odds of belonging to which group?
- The South Indian study reported an adjusted odds ratio of 0.90 (95% CI 0.82–0.99) for anxiety score in a model distinguishing older from younger patients. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- In the Kaunas population-based registry of adults aged 25–64 years from 2000 to 2023, which pattern was reported?
- Which age-specific pattern in men was reported for AMI morbidity in the Kaunas registry?
- A clinician compares the declining AMI morbidity reported in Kaunas with current local experience in another country. Which conclusion is best supported?
- A 33-year-old woman has recurrent AMI and features that raise suspicion of an underlying chromosomal condition. Which uncommon diagnosis was identified by karyotype testing in the supplied case report?
- A young woman has recurrent AMI, and the history and examination raise suspicion of Turner syndrome. Which investigation was used to establish the diagnosis in the supplied case report?
- What is the strongest conclusion that can be drawn from a single case report of recurrent AMI in a young woman with Turner syndrome?
- According to the supplied report on STEMI care in resource-limited settings, which approach is described as an initial treatment strategy where timely primary angioplasty is not readily available?
- In the Tanzania STEMI-network survey, what proportion of surveyed clinicians from public facilities reported availability of thrombolytic medications?
- Which geographic pattern of primary angioplasty services was reported in the Tanzania STEMI-network survey?
- Only 31% of surveyed clinicians from private facilities and 23% from public facilities reported being able to refer patients for advanced care within the cited 90-minute interval. What does this result primarily measure?
- A hospital network uses the Tanzania survey to plan STEMI services. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- Which sequence best reflects the broad pathophysiological description of MI in the supplied review of purinergic signaling, HIF, and ROS?
- Which three interacting components does the supplied review identify as a key mechanistic axis in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury?
- Why can myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury occur even though reperfusion is used to restore coronary blood flow and limit infarct size?
- In the supplied hydroxytyrosol experiment, which result was reported in mice exposed to an isolated-heart ischemia/reperfusion protocol?
- In the hydroxytyrosol mouse study, how was the compound administered relative to the ischemia/reperfusion protocol?
- Which interpretation of the hydroxytyrosol findings is best supported?
- In the supplied post-MI cardiac shock wave therapy experiments, which circulating cell population was associated with the reported pro-angiogenic effects?
- Which set of candidate proteins was identified in the supplied cardiac shock wave therapy study as part of a proposed angiogenesis-related regulatory network?
- Which conclusion about cardiac shock wave therapy after AMI is most defensible from the supplied study?
- A patient with Leriche syndrome and AMI requires CABG. Why might harvesting an internal thoracic artery require particular caution?
- In the supplied case of acute heart failure secondary to IHD complicated by Leriche syndrome and porcelain aorta, which CABG strategy was reported?
- What is the most appropriate general lesson from the case report describing total venous CABG in a patient with Leriche syndrome?
- In the South Indian comparative study of first-episode STEMI, which age threshold defined the younger group?
- A study enrolled 260 patients with a first STEMI episode, including 65 younger and 195 older adults. Which description best characterizes the group allocation?
- Which characteristic was reported more frequently among younger than older STEMI patients in the South Indian study?
- Which pair of comorbidities was significantly more prevalent in the older STEMI group in the comparative study?
- A young patient presents with STEMI. Based on the comparative study, which history item is particularly relevant to assess without assuming it explains the event?
- In the study's regression analysis, an increase in anxiety score was associated with which direction of association with being in the older (>45 years) group?
- The comparative STEMI study used convenience sampling at a tertiary care centre. Which inference is most defensible?
- A 33-year-old woman has recurrent acute myocardial infarction. Which uncommon underlying diagnosis was identified in the supplied case report after karyotype testing?
- In the reported young woman with recurrent AMI, which test established the diagnosis of Turner syndrome?
- A clinician is considering the relevance of the Turner syndrome case report to other young women with MI. Which conclusion is best supported?
- In the reported Turner syndrome case, what was stated about subsequent management?
- A 29-year-old woman has recurrent MI despite initial treatment. What is the most appropriate lesson from the supplied case report?
- The Tanzania STEMI-network report primarily assessed which domain?
- How many clinician respondents were included in the Tanzania STEMI-network survey?
- In the Tanzania survey, which statement best describes the geographic pattern of primary angioplasty services reported?
- Which statement accurately summarizes reported thrombolytic medicine availability in the Tanzania survey?
- Only a minority of survey respondents reported being able to refer patients for advanced care within the stated 90-minute period after initial medical contact. What does this finding most directly indicate?
- Which statement best reflects the reperfusion-care framing reported for resource-limited settings in the Tanzania paper?
- Which experimental model was used to evaluate hydroxytyrosol in ischemia-reperfusion injury?
- In the hydroxytyrosol experiment, when was the 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose administered relative to ischemia-reperfusion?
- What relative change in infarct size was reported in hydroxytyrosol-treated mouse hearts compared with untreated controls?
- Which pattern of mitochondrial and redox findings was reported with hydroxytyrosol in the mouse-heart ischemia-reperfusion model?
- The hydroxytyrosol study found improved experimental endpoints in isolated mouse hearts. Which conclusion is not justified by these findings?
- Which statement best explains why the hydroxytyrosol result cannot be directly translated into a clinical dose for patients with AMI?