Diabetes Mellitus
General Medicine · Topic 11
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · General Medicine · Topic 11 · combined PDF page 299
Practice questions
- A review of type 2 diabetes describes metabolic stress and islet inflammation as interacting contributors to β-cell dysfunction. Which interpretation best reflects the evidence?
- Which set of processes is identified in the review as interacting with β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes?
- A patient asks whether anti-inflammatory treatment has been proven to directly suppress pancreatic islet inflammation and durably alter type 2 diabetes progression. Which response is best supported by the reviewed evidence?
- Which statement about inflammatory mechanisms in type 2 diabetes is most appropriately cautious?
- In a network meta-analysis of older adults with T2DM, which exercise modality had the largest estimated HbA1c reduction versus control?
- The same network meta-analysis estimated HbA1c changes versus control of −0.95% for HIIT and −0.59% for combined exercise. Which interpretation is best?
- A dose-response network meta-analysis in older adults with T2DM estimated maximal overall exercise-dose benefit at approximately which level?
- When prescribing exercise to an older adult with T2DM, which conclusion best follows from the exercise meta-analysis?
- Compared with placebo, what was the pooled estimated effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on seated systolic blood pressure in the cited meta-analysis?
- A patient with T2DM and hypertension asks to use a DPP-4 inhibitor primarily to lower blood pressure. Which interpretation of the evidence is most appropriate?
- What did high-quality studies in the DPP-4 inhibitor blood-pressure meta-analysis show for seated blood pressure?
- A systematic review of WeChat-based diabetes interventions included seven studies and reported a pooled HbA1c mean difference of −1.10%. How many studies contributed to this HbA1c outcome?
- The pooled HbA1c result for WeChat-based interventions had an I² of 85%. What is the most appropriate interpretation?
- Which outcome pattern was reported for WeChat-based interventions in the systematic review?
- In a pregnant patient being assessed for gestational diabetes, what role does the reviewed evidence support for maternal adiponectin?
- Which pathophysiologic combination is described as central to gestational diabetes in the adiponectin review?
- Which statement about adiponectin and gestational diabetes best reflects the review's conclusions?
- A meta-analysis of ELMO1 rs741301 in diabetic nephropathy found protective associations in which genetic models?
- How should the reported association between ELMO1 rs741301 and diabetic nephropathy be interpreted clinically?
- Which oxidative-stress biomarker pattern was reported in type 2 diabetes compared with controls in the systematic review and meta-analysis?
- In the comparative meta-analysis, which biomarker pattern distinguished Parkinson disease from T2DM?
- What is an important limitation when interpreting the pooled oxidative-stress biomarker findings in T2DM?
- A systematic review of aromatherapy in adults with complicated T2DM included how many randomized trials, and what outcome did all four report improving?
- Which limitation most appropriately qualifies the reported quality-of-life improvement with aromatherapy in T2DM?
- In the aromatherapy review, what clinical problem was represented in three of the four included trials?