Adrenal glands
General Surgery · Topic 23
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume III · General Surgery · Topic 23 · combined PDF page 408
Practice questions
- A review of genetic screening for inherited endocrine conditions describes precision medicine as enabling which type of individualized decision?
- A clinician is considering genetic screening for an inherited endocrine condition. Which factor is identified in a review as a possible barrier to patient uptake?
- A health service finds that patients rarely accept genetic testing for inherited adrenal endocrinopathy. Which clinician-related issue is highlighted as a possible contributor?
- Which financial issue is cited as a possible reason for low uptake of genetic testing in the review of inherited endocrinopathies?
- An adrenal mass remains clinically and radiologically unclear. Which statement best reflects the pathology review's assessment of distinguishing an adrenal adenoma from carcinoma?
- For an adrenal neoplasm that is unclear clinically and radiologically, which issue does the pathology review identify as difficult in deciding whether to resect?
- After resection of an indeterminate adrenal neoplasm, what is an important role of examining the surgical specimen according to the pathology review?
- A pathology review of adrenal tumors emphasizes diagnostic difficulty in distinguishing adenoma from carcinoma. Which conclusion is most appropriate?
- In the COVID-19 adrenal-injury review, cortisol is characterized as an important component of which physiological context?
- A patient with severe COVID-19 develops adrenal infarction and acute adrenal insufficiency. Which response is emphasized in the review as requiring prompt action?
- Which group of mechanisms is discussed as a possible contributor to adrenal damage in severe COVID-19?
- A patient recovering from COVID-19 had received glucocorticoids for another indication. Which diagnostic caveat regarding adrenal insufficiency is noted in the review?
- Which statement best describes the reported clinical presentation of COVID-19-associated adrenal infarction or hemorrhage?
- Adrenal infarction associated with COVID-19 may first be recognized in which circumstance described by the review?
- A review of adrenal infarction associated with COVID-19 describes pathological findings. Which finding is consistent with that review?
- A patient has a known primary malignancy and a solitary adrenal lesion. Which statement is most consistent with the systematic review of adrenal metastases?
- In the systematic review of adrenal metastases, which imaging-guided method was reported as one route to diagnostic confirmation?
- A patient has an isolated adrenal metastasis, and the primary cancer has been resected. Which management option is described as appropriate for selected patients in the review?
- A patient with an adrenal metastasis also has unresectable disease at several other sites. Which conclusion is most appropriate based on the review's selection principle for adrenalectomy?
- A multidisciplinary team is discussing local treatment for adrenal metastasis. Which statement best reflects the review's description of surgery for local control?
- A patient with adrenal malignancy has multiple comorbidities and is not proceeding to surgery. Which option is described in the review of image-guided adrenal ablation as a possible alternative for selected patients?
- Which option is one of the percutaneous image-guided adrenal ablation techniques reviewed for adrenal malignancies?
- During counseling about percutaneous adrenal ablation, which complication was identified as the most common in the systematic review?
- When reviewing outcomes after percutaneous adrenal ablation, which factor was reported to significantly determine local disease control?
- In the ablation review, which combination of factors was reported to correlate with prognosis?
- A patient asks whether percutaneous adrenal ablation has been shown to produce outcomes equivalent to surgery. Which response is best supported by the systematic review?
- A patient with an unresectable adrenal metastasis is unsuitable for surgery. Which statement best reflects the review's conclusion about percutaneous ablation?
- A review describes adrenalectomy as the gold standard for which setting?
- A clinician is comparing surgery and ablation for an adrenal lesion. Which treatment-context pairing is most consistent with the ablation review?