Transplantation
General Surgery · Topic 13
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume III · General Surgery · Topic 13 · combined PDF page 406
Practice questions
- A systematic review evaluates PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis in patients with acute leukemia receiving matched-related-donor HSCT. Compared with calcineurin-inhibitor-based regimens, which GVHD outcome was significantly reduced?
- In a meta-analysis of matched-related-donor HSCT for acute leukemia, PTCy-based prophylaxis was compared with calcineurin-inhibitor-based regimens. Which statement best reflects the reported result for chronic GVHD?
- A clinician reviewing evidence on PTCy after matched-related-donor HSCT asks whether the reported GVHD reduction was accompanied by a demonstrated improvement in disease-free survival. Which answer is most accurate?
- In the same meta-analysis, which outcome was reported as improved with PTCy-based prophylaxis despite similar disease-free survival?
- A patient receiving PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis is counselled about adverse events reported in the meta-analysis. Which pair was specifically noted?
- A transplant service is updating its protocol for pediatric kidney recipients. Which limitation did the 2026 European guideline identify as affecting immunosuppressive practice?
- A pediatric kidney transplant recipient is being considered for an immunosuppressive regimen. Which approach most closely matches the 2026 European guideline's stated direction?
- In the cited follow-up framework for allogeneic HSCT survivors, when does long-term follow-up typically begin?
- A long-term allogeneic HSCT survivor remains in remission but develops a late treatment-related complication. Which trend in causes of morbidity and mortality is described in the supplied follow-up guideline?
- A center is designing a long-term follow-up service for HSCT survivors. Which organizational approach is most consistent with the supplied practice guideline?
- A review of late effects after treosulfan-based conditioning in pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation compares available findings with busulfan-based conditioning. Which outcome showed a signal favoring treosulfan in several cohorts?
- When counselling a family about late effects after treosulfan-based conditioning, which statement about non-gonadal outcomes is best supported by the systematic review?
- A systematic review of treosulfan-based conditioning included studies reporting late effects in patients aged up to 40 years at hematopoietic cell transplantation. Which methodological description best matches the included evidence?
- A patient with Diamond-Blackfan anemia syndrome and transfusion-related iron overload is being assessed before HSCT. Which conclusion about iron overload and post-transplant mortality is justified by the systematic review?
- Why could the systematic review not reliably quantify the effect of pretransplant iron overload on HSCT outcomes in Diamond-Blackfan anemia syndrome?
- The review of HSCT in Diamond-Blackfan anemia reports that the absence of a demonstrable iron-overload association should not be interpreted as evidence that iron overload is safe. What is the best clinical interpretation?
- In which experimental setting did the historical review describe the renal subcapsular space as appearing preferable for islet transplantation?
- When reviewing experimental evidence for islet transplantation in large animals, which site has been more successful according to the supplied historical review?
- A surgeon concludes that one islet transplantation site must be superior in every species because the renal subcapsular site appears preferable in rodent models. Which response best reflects the available review?
- A patient has type 1 diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Which combined transplant approach is specifically suggested as a potential strategy in the supplied review?
- In older adults undergoing HSCT, when does quality of life typically reach its lowest point according to the supplied narrative review?
- A 68-year-old HSCT recipient reports persistent quality-of-life impairment one year after transplantation. Which statement best matches the review's account of recovery?
- A multidisciplinary team is assessing factors that may influence quality of life after HSCT in an older adult. Which set contains factors identified in the supplied review?
- A transplant center proposes an intervention to support older adults undergoing HSCT. Which approach is described in the review as promising for mitigating quality-of-life impairment?
- A prehabilitation program is being planned for a patient awaiting HSCT. Which three components define the trimodal approach summarized in the supplied best-evidence review?
- A team plans to implement an HSCT prehabilitation protocol based on a best-evidence summary. How should the recommendations be applied according to the review?
- The best-evidence summary on trimodal prehabilitation synthesized evidence across several domains. Which option correctly adds two domains beyond the exercise, nutrition, and psychological-support triad?
- A transplant team wants to claim that trimodal prehabilitation is proven to improve transplant survival in every HSCT population. Which appraisal is most appropriate based on the supplied evidence summary?