Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)
Microbiology · Topic 10
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Microbiology · Topic 10 · combined PDF page 213
Practice questions
- Which statement best reflects the modern scope of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
- Which group consists entirely of traditional HAI examples specifically listed in the supplied review?
- A hospital surveillance team is broadening its HAI scope beyond device-associated infections and surgical site infections. Which set contains examples the supplied review identifies as non-traditional HAI challenges?
- A patient develops an HAI that prolongs admission. Which set of consequences is described in the supplied review as associated with HAI?
- Which combination of factors is identified as contributing to the occurrence of HAI?
- Why can biofilms on medical devices or hospital surfaces be important in HAI control?
- What is a central purpose of HAI surveillance?
- A hospital wants to use surveillance findings to plan infection-control priorities. Which statement best describes the relationship between surveillance and prevention?
- Which limitation of manual HAI surveillance is specifically noted in the supplied AI review?
- Which potential function of AI or machine learning in HAI control is described in the supplied systematic review?
- A hospital considers adopting a machine-learning HAI alert system after reports of high model performance. Which conclusion is best supported by the supplied systematic review?
- In the context of an HAI cluster, what is the principal role of molecular epidemiology described in the supplied guideline abstract?
- Which approach to molecular epidemiology is most consistent with the supplied guideline?
- A systematic review of healthcare environmental hygiene interventions assessed patient colonization or HAI as outcomes. Which overall result did it report?
- In the environmental hygiene systematic review, what did all studies that measured environmental bioburden report after the intervention?
- Which limitation should temper interpretation of the environmental hygiene review's generally favorable results?
- Which organisms were most commonly represented in studies included in the environmental hygiene systematic review?
- A team is classifying environmental hygiene interventions for a review. Which set of categories matches those used in the supplied systematic review?
- In the 2025 pulsed-xenon UV meta-analysis, which outcome showed a statistically significant pooled reduction?
- The pooled estimate for pulsed-xenon UV light and MRSA infection was RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.62–1.02). What is the best interpretation?
- Which conclusion is supported by the pooled results for pulsed-xenon UV light and VRE infection?
- The pulsed-xenon UV review found a significant pooled reduction in C. difficile infection, but results were not significant in controlled trials and were unstable on sensitivity analysis. Which conclusion is most appropriate?
- A 2014 review described the status of HAI surveillance in Brazil. Which challenge did it identify at that time?
- Which combination of infrastructure and organization was identified as important for strengthening a national HAI surveillance system in the Brazil-focused review?
- A laboratory is updating its HAI diagnostic and surveillance toolkit. Which group of methods is described in the recent review as improving detection and surveillance?
- Which statement best describes the relationship between hospital surfaces, biofilms, and antimicrobial resistance in the supplied recent HAI review?
- A hospital quality team is considering an AI model for national HAI surveillance. Which concern is most consistent with the systematic review of AI-based HAI tools?
- A hospital introduces an environmental hygiene intervention and observes lower environmental bioburden. Which conclusion about patient outcomes is most justified by the supplied systematic review?