Respiratory tract infections
Microbiology · Topic 7
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Microbiology · Topic 7 · combined PDF page 211
Practice questions
- A child is assessed as having apparent viral pneumonia and is clinically suitable for observation. According to the summarized 2023 Finnish pediatric LRTI guideline, which approach is supported?
- A child diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia is prescribed amoxicillin. What treatment duration was supported by strong evidence in the summarized 2023 Finnish guideline?
- A young child with bronchiolitis is considered for systemic corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilator therapy. Which conclusion best matches the moderate-evidence findings in the guideline summary?
- A child has bronchitis-related cough without another indication for these medicines. Which pair of treatments did the guideline summary find ineffective for this cough?
- A child presents with laryngitis. Which treatment strategy is supported by the summarized pediatric guideline?
- An unvaccinated infant has a persistent cough. Which infection should be specifically considered according to the summarized pediatric LRTI guideline?
- Which age group had the highest modeled risk of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection and associated hospitalization among Chinese children under 5 years?
- A review of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection describes groups particularly likely to require hospitalization. Which pair is explicitly identified as high risk?
- A Chinese RSV burden model found geographic heterogeneity. Which statement best reflects the reported regional findings?
- In a European meta-analysis of infants with respiratory tract infections, which virus was the most prevalent before the COVID-19 pandemic?
- Which pattern best describes the viruses that were most commonly identified in European infants with respiratory infections both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic?
- Which change in respiratory virus detection among infants was reported during the COVID-19 pandemic period in the European meta-analysis?
- The European infant meta-analysis describes post-pandemic recovery patterns of common respiratory viruses. Which statement is supported?
- A clinician reviewing global data on community-acquired LRTI asks for the pooled prevalence of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which estimate was reported?
- In the systematic review of community-acquired LRTI, which approximate global prevalence of ampicillin resistance was reported for Haemophilus influenzae?
- Among hospital-acquired LRTI pathogens in the review, which organism group had the highest reported global carbapenem resistance estimate among these options?
- What global carbapenem resistance estimate did the systematic review report for Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing hospital-acquired LRTI?
- The systematic review compared meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence in community-acquired and hospital-acquired LRTI. Which pattern was reported?
- Across 38 pathogen–antimicrobial combinations assessed in the resistance review, in how many was AMR prevalence higher in hospital-acquired LRTI than in community-acquired LRTI?
- Which combination of global resistance trends from 2010 to 2021 was reported in the systematic review?
- For hospital-acquired LRTI due to E. coli, the review compared resistance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with high-income countries. Which statement about third-generation cephalosporin resistance is correct?
- For hospital-acquired E. coli LRTI in the same review, which statement about carbapenem resistance in LMICs versus high-income countries is correct?
- A meta-analysis evaluated point-of-care CRP devices for distinguishing bacterial from viral acute respiratory infections. What were the overall pooled sensitivity and specificity?
- Among the devices with adequate performance data in the point-of-care CRP meta-analysis, which had the highest reported pooled sensitivity?
- A point-of-care CRP device evaluation reports QuikRead CRP sensitivity of 35% and specificity of 86%. Which interpretation best fits these results?
- An evaluation finds a point-of-care CRP test with pooled specificity of 86%. What does this statistic describe in the study's intended diagnostic task?
- A Chinese analysis compared RSV hospitalization timing before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. Which pattern was reported for Guangdong and Shanghai?