Abnormal Labour
Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Topic 14
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume III · Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Topic 14 · combined PDF page 433
Practice questions
- Which description best characterizes the labour-progress model originally described by Friedman?
- Friedman's definitions of labour protraction and arrest are discussed in contemporary practice. What qualification is emphasized in the review?
- Which statistical approach is specifically discussed as potentially useful for studying labour progression beyond simpler approaches?
- A researcher uses a single rigid labour curve to compare progress across contemporary populations. Which concern from the methodological review is most relevant?
- In the supplied systematic-review evidence, what was the approximate effect of early amniotomy on labour duration?
- What did the supplied review conclude about routine early amniotomy as a means of reducing caesarean delivery?
- The supplied review reported an odds ratio of 1.26 (95% CI 0.96–1.66) for caesarean delivery with early amniotomy. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- Which conclusion about early amniotomy and oxytocin use was reported in the supplied systematic review?
- Which neonatal outcome was reported as lower with early amniotomy in the supplied review, while other listed neonatal indicators were similar between groups?
- Given the review's mixed findings for routine early amniotomy, which use did its authors suggest?
- In the systematic review of breathing exercises, which stage of labour was reported to be shorter in the intervention group?
- A patient asks whether the supplied review proves that breathing exercises improve every outcome associated with abnormal labour. Which response best reflects the evidence?
- How many participants were included in the trials reviewed in the breathing-exercise systematic review?
- In the randomized trial of obstructed labour, what was the primary outcome used to assess preoperative sodium bicarbonate?
- In the bicarbonate trial, the median maternal lactate was 6.4 mmol/L in the intervention group and 7.5 mmol/L in controls, with p = 0.087. Which conclusion best fits these results?
- What did the bicarbonate trial report about the safety and lactate effect of the single preoperative dose in its study population?
- Which participant group most closely matches the population enrolled in the bicarbonate trial?
- In the small randomized study after spontaneous rupture of membranes for at least four hours, which intervention was associated with shorter labour?
- In the same trial, what happened to primigravidae assigned to vaginal prostaglandin E2 who subsequently developed abnormal labour?
- Which statement best reflects the scale and outcome of the randomized comparison of oxytocin and vaginal PGE2 after spontaneous membrane rupture?
- According to the review of mechanical forces in labour, excessive pressure on the fetal head may be associated with which sequence?
- Which example did the review identify as a potentially excessive iatrogenic mechanical force during labour?
- A fetal heart-rate deceleration occurs during a contraction in a labour involving substantial mechanical pressure on the fetal head. Which interpretation is consistent with the supplied review?
- Which set of changes is most consistent with the reviewed description of cervical remodelling before parturition?
- Which group of mediators is described as participating in the biochemical pathways associated with cervical ripening in the supplied review?