Diagnosis of pregnancy
Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Topic 6
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume III · Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Topic 6 · combined PDF page 428
Practice questions
- A veterinary review describes rectal exploration, serum progesterone, and ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in mares. Which of these is classified as a direct clinical method in that review?
- In the cited review of pregnancy diagnosis in mares, which test is specifically described as an indirect method that may use either serum or milk?
- A question asks which indirect pregnancy-diagnosis approach in mares involves measurement of PMSG in serum. Which description matches the cited review?
- Which pairing of analyte and specimen is described as an indirect method of pregnancy diagnosis in mares?
- For the standard beef-herd reproductive measure described in the review, which proportion is assessed at midgestation?
- A beef herd's fetal-age data are being summarized to investigate reproductive efficiency. According to the cited review, which transformation produces a reproductive profile useful for identifying suboptimal performance?
- After constructing a 21-day pregnancy profile for a beef herd, which additional stratification is reported to amplify the value of the information?
- In the bovine early-pregnancy review, which signal is described as stimulating interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)?
- According to the review of bovine pregnancy recognition, when is increased ISG expression described after insemination?
- A researcher proposes measuring circulating exosomes in early human pregnancy to identify pregnancies at risk of fetal abnormalities. Which interpretation best matches the cited review?
- A proposed non-invasive early-pregnancy approach uses changes in vaginal or salivary microbial composition. How should this proposal be characterized based on the cited review?
- A pregnant patient is being evaluated for suspected venous thromboembolism. Why can a negative D-dimer result using non-pregnant reference values become less likely as pregnancy advances?
- Which statement best distinguishes the diagnostic purpose of D-dimer testing in the cited pregnancy literature from diagnosis of pregnancy itself?