Cell Injury and Adaptation
Pathology · Topic 2
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Pathology · Topic 2 · combined PDF page 187
Practice questions
- During prolonged, high-intensity exercise with inadequate recovery, which erythrocyte change is consistent with redox stress exceeding buffering capacity as described in the supplied review?
- Which metabolic source supplies NADPH that supports erythrocyte glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent antioxidant systems?
- An investigator finds that a brief exercise-associated redox signal is followed by adequate recovery and preserved erythrocyte deformability. Which interpretation best matches the review's framework?
- Which set of changes is associated in the review with severe or prolonged erythrocyte oxidative stress and premature clearance?
- Which red-cell property is explicitly linked in the review to microvascular transit and perfusion matching?
- Which hemoglobin-related change is specifically listed as a possible consequence of severe, prolonged oxidative stress in erythrocytes?
- Exposure of airway epithelial cells to an electrophilic aldehyde found among inhaled pollutants is most directly linked in the supplied study to activation of which channel?
- In the reported airway epithelial-cell model, TRPA1 agonist-associated injury is linked in part to which proximal disturbances?
- In the airway epithelial study, inhibition of which pathway was reported to exacerbate injury rather than reduce it?
- Which paired kinase inhibition was reported to reduce TRPA1 agonist-induced airway epithelial injury in the supplied study?
- The proposed explanation for protection after PKC and p38 MAPK inhibition in the airway model includes which combination?
- Which approach was among the methods used to investigate TRPA1 agonist-induced airway epithelial injury and repair?
- In the three-stage framework for T-cell remodeling after kidney injury, which event characterizes Stage 1?
- A kidney with unresolved injury shows Th17/regulatory T-cell disequilibrium, dendritic-cell–T-cell crosstalk, and tertiary lymphoid structures. Which stage in the review's framework best fits this pattern?
- Which combination best characterizes Stage 3 of the reviewed T-cell remodeling framework in kidney injury?
- Which signaling pathway is identified in the kidney T-cell remodeling review as connecting immune remodeling with structural fibrosis?
- Which statement best reflects the review's interpretation of T cells during the transition from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease?
- Which evidence types were integrated in the review's analysis of T-cell remodeling in renal fibrosis?
- A kidney-allograft biopsy shows microvascular inflammation, but donor-specific antibodies are not detected. Which interpretation is supported by the supplied NK-cell review?
- Which interaction is an example of antibody-independent NK-cell recognition associated with kidney-allograft injury in the review?
- Which NK-cell mechanism is antibody-dependent in kidney-allograft injury?
- Which NK-cell-associated activity is described as potentially supporting immune tolerance in a kidney allograft?
- Which cytokine pair is identified in the review among mediators produced by NK cells in tolerance-associated contexts?
- Cytomegalovirus infection is associated in the review with expansion of which NK-cell population?
- A transplant study detects NK-cell populations associated with both cytotoxic activity and regulatory features. Which conclusion best fits the review?