Immunopathology and AIDS
Pathology · Topic 8
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Pathology · Topic 8 · combined PDF page 189
Practice questions
- In the review of sex-associated differences in HIV-1 infection, which pattern is reported for women during primary infection?
- Which statement best describes the reported relationship between sex and progression to AIDS after accounting for chronic viral load?
- A study compares women and men with similar HIV-1 viral loads. Which immune finding is consistent with the review?
- Which innate sensing pathway is proposed as a contributor to higher interferon-stimulated gene expression in women with HIV-1?
- Which pair of biological factors is discussed as potentially contributing to sex differences in immune responses to viral infection?
- When designing a study of HIV-1 immune activation, which approach best follows the implications of the sex-differences review?
- In the supplied experimental study, SphK2 was investigated during infection with which virus?
- What was the principal disease outcome reported in SphK2-deficient mice after LCMV Cl 13 infection?
- Which CD4-positive T-cell change was reported in SphK2-deficient mice following LCMV infection?
- How did the increased activity of CD4-positive T cells in SphK2-deficient mice relate to the CD8-positive T-cell response?
- Which statement best captures the immune-regulatory trade-off observed in the SphK2 study?
- In the LCMV mouse model, what effect followed oral administration of a SphK2-selective inhibitor?
- A researcher proposes that SphK2 inhibition should be used to treat human HIV on the basis of the supplied study. What is the strongest evidence-based interpretation?
- According to the therapeutic-vaccination commentary, which immune responses should a therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine aim to induce?
- A candidate therapeutic HIV vaccine induces CTL and Th1 responses in an experimental setting. Which conclusion is justified by the supplied commentary alone?
- Which set of broader issues is explicitly considered relevant to the extensive application of therapeutic HIV vaccination?
- How does the supplied commentary use TERAVAC-HIV-1?
- Which statement most accurately distinguishes therapeutic vaccination from a claim about a proven treatment?
- Which coreceptor tropism is reported to initiate most human HIV transmissions in the supplied SHIV study background?
- The subtype C R5 SHIVs in the macaque study were designed to model which transmission context?
- Which envelope feature characterized the starting SHIV used to generate the lineage-related subtype C viruses?
- What happened to coreceptor tropism across the three generated subtype C SHIVs?
- Which description correctly distinguishes the reported neutralization tiers of the generated SHIVs?
- How were the three lineage-related subtype C SHIVs generated?
- What peak plasma viral-load range was reported in macaques infected with the generated SHIVs?
- Which statement about intrarectal inoculation is supported by the SHIV study?
- Which combination of outcomes was reported in some macaques infected with the generated SHIVs?
- In the SHIV study, how should the observation of coreceptor switching be interpreted?
- Why were mucosally transmissible clade C R5 SHIVs considered useful in the study?
- A vaccine researcher wants to select between the described SHIV isolates for a neutralization study. Which isolate was reported to be more difficult to neutralize?
- Which conclusion is appropriate when applying findings from these rhesus macaque SHIV experiments to human HIV-1?