Neoplastic disorders
Pathology · Topic 6
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Pathology · Topic 6 · combined PDF page 189
Practice questions
- A laboratory is selecting a microarray approach to characterize chromosomal abnormalities in a neoplastic specimen. Which pair of methodologies is specifically described for this purpose?
- A neoplasm is tested by SNP-based microarray, and a chromosomal imbalance is detected. Which approach best accords with the cited laboratory standard?
- Why can microarray analysis be useful in the diagnosis and classification of neoplasms, according to the cited technical guideline?
- A clinical laboratory introduces a higher-resolution microarray assay for neoplastic disorders. Which practice is most consistent with the ACMG technical standards described in the cited source?
- Which statement best characterizes the reported expression pattern of ING4 in human cancers?
- A study investigates how ING4 may regulate chromatin and transcription. Which molecular association is described in the review?
- Which set of cellular processes is explicitly associated with ING4 in the review of its cancer-related functions?
- A tumor model with reduced ING4 shows altered angiogenesis and invasive behavior. How does this observation relate to the reviewed functions of ING4?
- Which two transcriptional regulators are specifically mentioned in connection with ING4 activity?
- Which list contains all five PDGF dimeric isoforms described in the review?
- PDGF receptors are encoded by which two genes, and which functional receptor dimers are described?
- Activating mutations involving PDGF or its receptors have been documented in which pair of neoplasms in the cited review?
- In many neoplastic diseases, what role does the cited review suggest for PDGF signaling beyond direct tumor-cell effects?
- Imatinib, sorafenib, and sunitinib are modeled in the cited review as binding PDGFRα in which kinase conformation?
- A clinician assumes that a PDGFR inhibitor will affect only PDGFR because it is a type II inhibitor. Which interpretation best matches the cited review?
- Which statement about the clinical development of PDGFR antagonists is supported by the cited review?
- A cell-biology experiment demonstrates transfer of both electrical and biochemical signals between adjacent cells through channels made of connexins. Which structure is being studied?
- Which group of processes is described as being regulated by gap-junction proteins in the review?
- A review reports altered connexin profiles in neoplastic disorders but provides no single direction that applies to every tumor. Which conclusion is most defensible?
- RFWD3 is described as a central component of which cellular network relevant to tumorigenesis?
- Which group of functions is regulated by RFWD3 through K63-linked ubiquitination of DNA-damage-response effectors?
- Which statement best distinguishes the reported disease associations of germline and somatic RFWD3 dysfunction?
- A report describes RFWD3 as oncogenic in one tumor context and tumor-suppressive in another. How should this be interpreted in light of the cited review?
- A child with cancer receives multimodal treatment. Which statement best summarizes the neurological-risk framework described in the review?
- A long-term survivor of childhood cancer develops cognitive dysfunction and cerebral vasculopathy years after therapy. Which treatment exposure is specifically associated with such late effects in the cited review?
- A child receiving chemotherapy develops a new neurological complication. Which option contains only complication types included in the review's discussion of chemotherapy neurotoxicity?
- Which statement about neurological effects of immunotherapy for childhood cancer is best supported by the review?
- In a pediatric patient undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for a neoplastic disorder, which neurological complication group is specifically emphasized in the review?