The National Health programs, NHM
Pediatrics · Topic 17
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · Pediatrics · Topic 17 · combined PDF page 336
Practice questions
- A policy review describes NHM as having been initiated in 2005 to address maternal, neonatal, and infant health and reduce out-of-pocket expenditure. Which interpretation best fits the supplied evidence?
- A district proposes incorporating rare-disease considerations into existing RMNCH+A activities. Which set of potential contributions is supported by the supplied analysis?
- A planner argues that inclusion of rare diseases in NHM planning would make specialized rare-disease treatment routinely available through existing programs. Which response is most consistent with the cited analysis?
- Which proposed use of NHM-generated information is specifically identified as a potential contribution to rare-disease management?
- A child with a chronic rare condition needs follow-up over many years. Which NHM-related function is identified as potentially relevant, without implying that NHM supplies specialist treatment?
- A rare-disease planning proposal combines prevention activities, registry-relevant data, long-term follow-up, and specialist treatment. Which component does the supplied NHM analysis identify as exceeding the current scope of existing programs?
- The maternal-care expenditure study compared which National Sample Survey rounds to examine pre- and post-NHM periods?
- In the reported comparison of women receiving antenatal, natal, and postnatal care from public health centres, which change was observed between 2004 and 2014?
- For use of all three maternal-care services, which private-facility trend was reported from 2004 to 2014?
- A reader notes that mean OOPE for all three maternal-care services at public health centres rose from US$60 before NHM to US$86 afterward. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- What mean OOPE for all three maternal-care services at public health centres was reported for the post-NHM period?
- Which pair correctly gives the reported mean OOPE for all three maternal-care services at private health centres in the pre- and post-NHM periods?
- For all three maternal-care services, how did the reported proportion experiencing CHS in public health centres change between the pre- and post-NHM periods?
- Which change in CHS for all three maternal-care services was reported for private health centres?
- After adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic correlates, what did the study report about OOPE on delivery care from public health centres in the post-NHM period?
- In the maternal-care expenditure analysis, which household characteristics were reported as positively and significantly associated with OOPE?
- Which group was reported to be more likely to incur CHS on maternal care?
- The adjusted odds ratio for CHS on institutional delivery in public health centres in the post-NHM period was reported as 0.03. What is the best interpretation of an odds ratio below 1 in this comparison?
- The study used pre- and post-NHM survey data with regression adjustment. Which conclusion would exceed what this design alone can establish?
- How did the maternal-care study derive household capacity to pay when estimating CHS?
- Which statement correctly places Kerala's People's Planning Campaign and NRHM/NHM in chronological order?
- Which method did the 2024 Kerala study use to examine the interaction between decentralization and NRHM/NHM?
- In a realist analysis of NRHM/NHM and decentralized planning, what does the abbreviation CMO refer to?
- Which mechanism-and-outcome account was identified by participants in the Kerala analysis?
- According to the Kerala study accounts, how could selected local health innovations interact with N(R)HM?
- Which set of health-system changes was associated in participants' accounts with synergy between decentralized planning and N(R)HM in Kerala?
- What tension did the Kerala analysis identify as potentially vexing future progress?
- The Kerala study describes community action as reanimated during which circumstances?
- Which statement best characterizes the strength and limitation of the Kerala witness-seminar findings?
- A national survey analysis reports adjusted associations, while a Kerala witness-seminar study reports participant accounts of local mechanisms. Which pairing of evidence type and use is most appropriate?
- A program officer argues that because public-facility CHS declined after NHM, no household could have faced catastrophic expenditure afterward. Which correction is best?
- An evaluation team wants to claim that an NHM-associated change was caused by the mission. Which additional consideration is most important when interpreting the supplied pre/post survey study?
- A health planner wants to use a local community-identified intervention and later expand it through NHM. Which evidence-based implementation principle best supports this approach in the Kerala account?