Central Nervous System Physiology
Physiology · Topic 10
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume I · Physiology · Topic 10 · combined PDF page 157
Practice questions
- Which statement best distinguishes the CNS actions of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) from its established vascular role?
- A study examines a molecule that is expressed as an immediate-early gene after neuronal activity and is proposed to participate in synaptic plasticity. Which molecule is the best match?
- A proposed CNS action of tPA is being investigated in the absence of plasminogen. Which interpretation is consistent with the reviewed literature?
- Which pairing consists of two CNS functions attributed to tPA in the review literature?
- A question about tPA in Alzheimer disease asks which process is specifically discussed in a recent review alongside neurovascular coupling. Which process should be selected?
- Which set correctly lists the principal classes of cargo described for CNS extracellular vesicles?
- An extracellular vesicle released by one CNS cell is taken up by a distant cell. What is the most direct physiological interpretation of this observation?
- A laboratory proposes CNS extracellular vesicles as clinically useful biomarkers. Which limitation highlighted in the review should temper this proposal?
- Which statement best reflects the therapeutic outlook for CNS extracellular vesicles described in the review?
- Which statement best captures the change in understanding of lipids described in the CNS sphingolipid review?
- Which option contains only sphingolipid-related metabolic intermediates specifically named in the review?
- A review of sphingolipid pathways in the CNS discusses enzymes involved in their metabolism. Which combination is explicitly identified?
- A hypothesis links disturbed sphingolipid signaling to CNS disease. Which disease processes are most consistent with the review?
- Where is cardiolipin found primarily, according to the CNS review?
- Cardiolipin is detected in both neuronal and non-neuronal CNS cells. Which interpretation is supported by the review?
- A reduction in cardiolipin levels is observed in a CNS cell model. Which consequence is most consistent with the review?
- Which additional role of cardiolipin is described beyond mitochondrial support and metabolic regulation?
- Central angiotensin II is acting through AT1 receptors in a pathway that raises blood pressure. Which associated effect best fits the reviewed CNS physiology?
- Which group of responses is associated with central angiotensin II pathways in the supplied review?
- A subject has no detectable peripheral renin–angiotensin activity, yet a brain angiotensin pathway remains functional. Which interpretation is supported by the review?
- Which statement best describes the range of cytokine actions in the CNS?
- A systemic illness is accompanied by fever and neuroendocrine and behavioural changes. Which set of cytokines is specifically implicated in central responses to systemic disease or injury in the review?
- An investigator wants to probe transmission in a specific spinal pathway using a physiological response. Which method is specifically described as useful for this purpose?
- A clinician uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study central motor circuits. Which description best matches the method in the review?
- Which statement correctly distinguishes transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as described in the review?
- A study aims to relate population-level brain activity to behaviour while assessing motor control. Which combination of approaches is consistent with the clinical neurophysiology review?