Depressive disorders
Psychiatry · Topic 5
Source: NMC CBME Curriculum 2024 · Volume II · Psychiatry · Topic 5 · combined PDF page 352
Practice questions
- A 16-year-old presents with symptoms suggestive of major depression. According to the AACAP guideline, which approach best supports evidence-based treatment planning?
- Which pair of psychotherapies has empirical support as a treatment option for children and adolescents with major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder?
- A clinician and family are discussing treatment options for an adolescent diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which statement most accurately reflects the AACAP guideline?
- A young person with persistent depressive disorder is being assessed. Which statement about the evidence base is most consistent with the AACAP guideline?
- A patient with depressive symptoms has not responded to standard antidepressant treatment. Which mechanism is cited as the pharmacologic basis for racemic ketamine's relevance to depression?
- A working group standard on racemic ketamine for depressive disorders describes which route of administration in its treatment recommendations?
- The 2024 Polish standard discusses intravenous racemic ketamine for depressive symptoms occurring in which diagnostic contexts?
- In a systematic review of accelerated TMS for suicidality in depressive disorders, what operational definition of accelerated TMS was used?
- A clinician reads a meta-analysis of accelerated TMS for suicidality in depressive disorders. Which conclusion best reflects the pooled post-treatment results?
- When discussing accelerated TMS for suicidality, which safety summary most closely matches the systematic review?
- A patient with major depressive disorder is receiving a cognitive-behavioral intervention. What did sham-controlled trials establish about adding tDCS?
- In the systematic review of tDCS added to cognitive-behavioral interventions, what was the overall finding for response and remission?
- A patient asks whether structured exercise should be considered instead of all other treatment for major depressive disorder. Which response best reflects the umbrella review?
- An umbrella review reports favorable pooled estimates for exercise in depressive disorders but also notes limitations in review quality. Which interpretation is most appropriate?
- A patient asks whether sertraline reliably lowers circulating IL-6 in people with depressive disorders. What is the best evidence-based response?
- A proposed anti-inflammatory action of sertraline is being evaluated in a journal club. Which conclusion best reflects the meta-analysis of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α?
- How should the evidence on sertraline and circulating cytokines be characterized?
- A clinician reviews a meta-analysis restricted to people living with HIV whose depressive disorders were diagnosed using ICD or DSM criteria. What pooled prevalence did the review estimate?
- A meta-analysis reports that depressive disorders among people living with HIV are associated with alcohol misuse, race, CD4 counts, and duration of HIV diagnosis. Which interpretation is warranted?
- A systematic review of dissociation in adults with anxiety and depressive symptoms describes dissociation across clinical samples. Which characterization is most consistent with its findings?
- In the scoping review of dissociation in adults with anxiety and depressive disorders, greater dissociation was consistently associated with which pattern?
- In depersonalization-focused clinical studies summarized by a scoping review, which range was reported for comorbid depression?
- A patient with functional neurological disorder is assessed for dissociative symptoms. Which range did the scoping review report for elevated dissociative symptoms in functional neurological disorder samples?
- A clinician is interpreting a pooled estimate for exercise in major depressive disorder from an umbrella review. Which description is most accurate?
- A reviewer asks whether adjunctive tDCS has demonstrated benefit across different cognitive-behavioral interventions in depressive disorders. Which statement best reflects the systematic review?
- A meta-analysis of accelerated TMS reports non-significant results for suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and suicidality response. Which conclusion is most defensible?
- Which research need is specifically highlighted by the AACAP guideline on major and persistent depressive disorders in children and adolescents?